I+-+deindustrialisation

Deindustrialisation is the name given to the decline in manufacturing (secondary) industry, and the growth in tertiary and quaternary industry. In the UK this has happened because: __**Why have factories moved out of the city and into the rural-urban fringe?**__
 * machines replaced people in most manufacturing industries
 * other countries produced goods more cheaply
 * prices for UK goods were too high
 * lack of investment - machinery
 * high interest rates makes borrowing money from banks difficult



How can governments help? In the UK industry has had to change. It has had to clean up its act and make itself more environmentally friendly. Most new industry has been built in new science and business parks and industrial estates (see footloose industry page). These tend to be located on the edge of towns in the rural-urban fringe. This is where the town and countryside meet. How can Governments help? • In South Wales there was heavy decline in Industry  • __Attracting new industry to South Wales __ – The Welsh Development agency was set up in 1976 to attract industry to Wales and encourage people to set up businesses  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msofareastlanguage: EN-GB; msolist: Ignore;">– <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Urban Development Corporations were set up <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msofareastlanguage: EN-GB; msolist: Ignore;">– <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">The region became a Development Area and had help from the Government and the EU  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msofareastlanguage: EN-GB; msolist: Ignore;">• <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">In the 1980s lots of companies came to south Wales <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msofareastlanguage: EN-GB; msolist: Ignore;">– <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">130 American and 130 European ones <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msofareastlanguage: EN-GB; msolist: Ignore;">– <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">20+ from Japan <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msofareastlanguage: EN-GB; msolist: Ignore;">• <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">New industries attracted were – biotechnology, IT, electronics and financial services <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msofareastlanguage: EN-GB; msolist: Ignore;">• <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Most urban areas in South Wales now have modern business parks <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msofareastlanguage: EN-GB; msofontkerning: 12.0pt; msolist: Ignore;">• <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">The transformation of the Penalta colliery (coal mining) (which closed in 1991) into a new urban village <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msofareastlanguage: EN-GB; msofontkerning: 12.0pt; msolist: Ignore;">• <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Improvements to recreation facilities at Penalta Country Park <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mj-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msofareastlanguage: EN-GB; msofontkerning: 12.0pt; msolist: Ignore;">• <span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">New business developments at Tredomen Business Park <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
 * __Did it work?__**
 * Five-year regeneration project in Ystrad Mynach** <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
 * Refurbishment of the colliery